Agreement between Different Methods to Measure the Active Drag Coefficient in Front-Crawl Swimming
(Jorge E. Morais, Tiago M. Barbosa, Nuno D. Garrido, Maria S. Cirilo-Sousa, Antonio J. Silva, Daniel A. Marinho)

The aim of this study was to analyze the agreement of the active drag coefficient measured through drag and propulsion methods. The sample was composed of 18 swimmers (nine boys: 15.9 ± 0.9 years; nine girls: 15.3 ± 1.2 years) recruited from a national swimming team. The velocity perturbation method was used as the drag measurement system and the Aquanex system as the propulsion system. For both sexes combined, the frontal surface area was 0.1128 ± 0.016 m2, swim velocity 1.54 ± 0.13 m∙s-1, active drag 62.81 ± 11.37 N, propulsion 68.81 ± 12.41 N. The level of the active drag coefficient agreement was calculated based on the mean values comparison, simple linear regression, and Bland Altman plots. The mean data comparison revealed non-significant differences (p > 0.05) between methods to measure the active drag coefficient. Both the linear regression (R2 = 0.82, p < 0.001) and Bland Altman plots revealed a very high agreement. The active drag coefficient should be the main outcome used in the interpretation of the swimmers’ hydrodynamic profile, because it is less sensitive to swimming velocity. Coaches and researchers should be aware that the active drag coefficient can also be calculated based on propulsion methods and not just based on drag methods. Thus, the swimming community can now use different equipment to measure the hydrodynamics of their swimmers.

Morais, J., Barbosa, T., Garrido, N., S. Cirilo-Sousa, M., Silva, A., Marinho, D. (2023). Agreement between Different Methods to Measure the Active Drag Coefficient in Front-Crawl Swimming. Journal of Human Kinetics, 86, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/159605

Morais, J., Barbosa, T., Garrido, N., S. Cirilo-Sousa, M., Silva, A., and Marinho, D. (2023). Agreement between Different Methods to Measure the Active Drag Coefficient in Front-Crawl Swimming. Journal of Human Kinetics, 86, pp.41-49. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/159605

Morais, Jorge et al. “Agreement between Different Methods to Measure the Active Drag Coefficient in Front-Crawl Swimming.” Journal of Human Kinetics, vol. 86, 2023, pp. 41-49. doi:10.5114/jhk/159605.

Morais J, Barbosa T, Garrido N, S. Cirilo-Sousa M, Silva A, Marinho D. Agreement between Different Methods to Measure the Active Drag Coefficient in Front-Crawl Swimming. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2023;86:41-49. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/159605