Influence of different-type physical loads on adolescents’ autonomic heart rate control

Autonomic heart rate control and its peculiarities are factors determining reactions of the cardiovascular system to physical loads. Therefore, while evaluating physical conditioning of an individual, it is purposeful to perform physical load tests in order to determine the functional possibility reserve of that individual’s cardiovascular system and the level of autonomic heart rate (HR) control, which reflects such a reserve. The aim of the research is to investigate 14-16-year-old boys and girls’ autonomic heart rate control peculiarities under different kinds of physical loads (anaerobic or aerobic ones). Following a literary review, we determined physical developmental peculiarities of 14-16-year-old adolescents under different physical biological development conditions, which depend on external and internal factors. We also determined the extent and nature of their physical exercising. The rhythmography method was used to distinguish the data of the involved sportsmen’s heart rates (RRV), heart rate dispersion (sRR1) and the amplitude of breathing arrhythmia (BA) while at rest in the lying position. We also measured the results of reflective heart rate reaction to muscle tension (RRV) during standing up sampled in active orthostasis as well as maximal rate increase (RRB) and the index of heart adaptation to physical loads according to the Rouffier method (IR). The research results show that only results of heart rate and heart adaptation to physical loads show reliable statistical differences in girl groups. Heart rate is lower and Rouffier index results are better for girls practicing aerobic sport disciplines. For boys, as well as for girls, heart rate values are lower and Rouffier index is better in aerobic endurance groups. Representatives of this group also have statistically better basic data of active orthostatic sampling (RRV and RRB). In the gender-related aspect, the data has little differences between females and males. Physiological investigations of autonomic HR indicate that girls, when compared with boys of the same age, have greater influence of adrenergetic-humoral and parasympathetic nervous systems on HR control.